扶贫政策的负外部性及其化解

在脱贫攻坚中,对重点贫困地区的精确瞄准与偏向投入,在一定程度上对非贫困县、非贫困村与非贫困户产生了必然的政策负外部性,表现为县域脱贫结构失衡、村庄帮扶悬崖效应与边缘人群争贫风险。究其原由,在公共政策过程中,竞争性的政策汲取、排他性的政策分配与分割性的政策评价是负外部性的三种发生机理。为此需要建立上下融合减贫机制,探索社区主导发展模式,拓展村民赋权参与空间,通过政策纠正、调适以消解和弥补政策负效应,强化政治决策与分配的正义性。     

高管薪酬激励、战略差异与企业研发投入

文章选取2013—2018年A股共计1221家制造业上市企业的数据为研究样本,实证检验了高管薪酬激励、战略差异与企业研发投入的关系。研究发现:高管薪酬激励、战略差异都能显著促进企业研发投入;战略差异能够显著抑制高管薪酬激励对企业研发投入的促进作用。文章不仅丰富了高管薪酬的研究,还为制定企业战略,加大创新力度提供了参考,同时也丰富了企业研发投入影响因素的研究。     

湖南省农业对生产性服务业的拉动效应研究 ——基于产业中细分行业的分析

生产性服务业遍布于农业生产活动的各个环节,农业对生产性服务业发展的拉动作用逐步显现。通过深入分析湖南省投入产出表,利用直接消耗系数、完全消耗系数、影响力系数三个具体测度指标,发现湖南省农业及其5个细分行业对7种类型的生产性服务业细分行业均表现出正向拉动效应。其中,农业对销售服务业和物流服务业的拉动效应明显;对金融服务业、信息服务业、科技服务业和租赁商务服务业有微弱拉动效应;对教育服务业拉动效应不明显;农林牧渔服务对各类生产性服务业的拉动效应相对明显,畜牧产品和渔产品,林产品和农产品对各类生产性服务业的拉动效应不够明显。为了充分利用湖南省农业优势,强化农业对生产性服务业的拉动效应,必须从夯实农业基础、促进生产性服务业发展等方面进一步着力,加强农业与生产性服务业细分行业的深度融合。     

农村人力资本、空间效应与城乡收入差距

基于2000—2017年的省级面板数据,采用SDM模型来研究异质性农村人力资本对城乡收入差距的空间效应,并进一步分解为直接效应和空间溢出效应进行比较分析。结果表明：（1）我国城乡收入差距存在显著正向空间集聚效应,并且这种空间集聚效应与区域经济发展水平紧密相关;（2）初级、中级、高级农村人力资本的空间集聚效应特征呈现明显空间差异：初级农村人力资本大多数集聚于西部省份,中级农村人力资本大多数集聚于现代农业相对发达的省份,而高级农村人力资本的高集聚区经历了从东北地区向长三角地区的动态转移;（3）中级、高级农村人力资本显著缩小了本地区及邻近地区的城乡收入差距,但中级农村人力资本的作用更大,而初级农村人力资本对城乡收入差距的影响不显著。     

CLASS视角下幼儿园中班早期阅读活动中师幼互动现状分析

为深入探究中班早期阅读活动中师幼互动的现状,本研究基于CLASS 课堂评估系统对福州市A 园中班早期阅读活动 的师幼互动情况进行了观察与评定并利用SPSS22.0 进行数据分析。结果发现：中班早期阅读活动中师幼互动整体水平处于中 等,没有达到较高水平。基于此,围绕三大领域提出可行性的教育建议:提供积极的情感支持、提高班级管理的水平、提供有效 的教学支持,从而切实提高中班早期阅读活动中师幼互动的质量。     

农村幼儿园—社区互动的价值、挑战及其突破路径

农村幼儿园-社区互动是推动农村学前教育质量提升的重要环节。当前农村幼儿园-社区互动面临政策保障缺失、资源基础薄弱、思想观念落后、互动能力不高等难题。为化解挑战,应完善相关政策,建立外部监督与评价机制;整合优势资源,促进互动全方位、多层次开展;树立科学协同观念,推动双方互动能力提升;借鉴优秀经验,推进园社互动有效开展。     

School Bullying as a Collective Action: Stigma Processes and Identity Struggling

The aim of this study was to investigate the collective action of bullying and its stigma processes and influences on identities. In accordance with interactionism, identity is a social process, constructed and reconstructed in everyday social interactions. Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in four school classes, investigating six bullying cases. Grounded theory methods were used to explore and analyse data. Co‐constructing differentness was found to be a core process in bullying. Bullying often appeared to function like a self‐serving and socially inclusive ritual in which the bullies co‐constructed the ‘normal us’. Loss of belonging, self‐deprecation and identity struggling followed closely upon the sense of becoming socially discredited. Victims were trapped in the collective action. The findings highlight the significance of addressing peer cultures and the social psychology of everyday school life in anti‐bullying policies and practices.     

Methods for exploring treatment effect heterogeneity in subgroup analysis: an application to global clinical trials

Multi‐country randomised clinical trials (MRCTs) are common in the medical literature, and their interpretation has been the subject of extensive recent discussion. In many MRCTs, an evaluation of treatment effect homogeneity across countries or regions is conducted. Subgroup analysis principles require a significant test of interaction in order to claim heterogeneity of treatment effect across subgroups, such as countries in an MRCT. As clinical trials are typically underpowered for tests of interaction, overly optimistic expectations of treatment effect homogeneity can lead researchers, regulators and other stakeholders to over‐interpret apparent differences between subgroups even when heterogeneity tests are insignificant. In this paper, we consider some exploratory analysis tools to address this issue. We present three measures derived using the theory of order statistics, which can be used to understand the magnitude and the nature of the variation in treatment effects that can arise merely as an artefact of chance. These measures are not intended to replace a formal test of interaction but instead provide non‐inferential visual aids, which allow comparison of the observed and expected differences between regions or other subgroups and are a useful supplement to a formal test of interaction. We discuss how our methodology differs from recently published methods addressing the same issue. A case study of our approach is presented using data from the Study of Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO), which was a large cardiovascular MRCT that has been the subject of controversy in the literature. An R package is available that implements the proposed methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

控股股东持股比例对企业研发投资强度影响的实证分析

利用《中国工业企业数据库》发布的重工业企业调查数据,基于非参数回归、OLS估计以及Tobit估计的方法研究了控股股东持股比例对企业研发投资强度的影响。研究发现：控股股东持股比例对企业研发投资强度的影响存在门槛效应。股权性质（控股资本类型）、企业年龄对企业研发投资强度的影响并不显著,但企业规模对企业研发投资强度带来显著性影响。文章认为,控股股东持股比例大约保持在50%～80%左右更利于企业技术创新;企业间应加强技术创新合作以形成研发投资的规模效应。     

指导性案例的实践功能与角色定位

我国指导性案例的效力经历的是由柔性到刚性转变的渐进过程,但人们却并未就其规制司法裁判的约束效力取得相同的理解和一致的认可。对此,人们可以制定出多种关于案例指导制度实践功能的描述性设计和规划,每种设想都有与之相对应的效力定位。但作为非正式的法律渊源,指导性案例的最终归宿必定是回应当下的司法现实,只有将其映射到社会生活当中,才能真正探究其制度运作的实践功能所在。其实,指导性案例的角色定位不当反映出理性与权威之间存在的悖论,与其将指导性案例的裁判理由和裁判要旨强加于人,不如充分发挥其理性说服的意蕴和效用,力求引导人们就诸多问题达成共识。